Leap Motion

Leap Motion Many of us are aware of the Leap Motion with is a small, $70 gesture control system that simply plugs into any computer and, apparently, just works. The most important thing is that, if you're familiar with the touch modality the interface is entirely intuitive (Christopher, 2012). It's touch, except it happens in the space in front of the screen, so we don't have to cover our window into our tech with all those unsightly smudges. This new technology unlike a touchscreen interface, we can just move our fingers with touching the scream and the pens inside just draw exactly what you leaps are.It's the difference between attempting to conduct a symphony with a wand and attempting to conduct the same symphony by sketching out what the orchestra should do next via chalk on a blackboard. Further more, Leap operates in three dimensions rather than two. Just imagine to â€Å"push to scroll,† rotating your flattened hand to control the orientation of an object with a full s ix degrees of freedom, or using both hands at once to control either end of a bezier surface you're casually sculpting as part of an object you'll be sending to your 3D printer (Christopher, 2012). I think this new technology is very useful to the stores like apple store.Since this kind of stores is a big market sale smart phone, touch scream pads and high quality laptops, it would be better production and financial operating with this higher and attractive technology. For example, as we all know that apple store is very popular in the world and people are just curious about what the new technology is will be come up every season with every new product. With the leap motion, people will be more convenient to do their work. So this will exactly improve the sale rations of the store. Expect the benefits it can make to the store, the leap motion will also be very useful to some companies’ technology production.For instance, for industry technology workers, they do not have to st and the whole day with the scream. They can just sit or walk wherever they want to do the work. This will be very convenient and flexible. So, the leap motion does bring us the value to our lives and it also promotes the technology development. Reference CHRISTOPHER MIMS. (2006, June 26). The Most Important New Technology Since the Smart Phone Arrives December 2012. Technology Review, from http://www. technologyreview. com/view/428350/the-most-important-new-technology-since-the-smart/

Malunggay and Spinach Essay

I.Chapter I (Introduction) Background of the Study (Rationale) â€Å"He gives us that vast goodness of nature and vegetation is among those. As man propagates for abundance; he deserves to harbor tremendous benefits from it.† The discovery of herbal plants made the possible existence of modern medicine. Modern medicine makes use of these plants in making capsulated herbal medicine or food supplements. It is scientifically proven that numerous of vitamins and minerals are found in herbal plants that can supply the needs of living things, specifically humans. These vitamins and minerals help supply energy within a person’s body, which is needed for everyday activities in order for them to perform well. Herbal plants nowadays are not just made as medicinal purposes but also as food ingredients so that it may add a unique and healthier flavor to foods. Malunggay was once considered a â€Å"poor man’s vegetable† but now it is known as a â€Å"miracle tree† or â€Å"nature’s medicine cabinet† by scientists and health care workers from around the world because it is loaded with vitamins and minerals that can be an effective remedy against many kinds of ailments such as arthritis, anemia, ovarian cancer, heart complications, kidney problems, asthma and digestive disorders. Each ounce of Malunggay contains seven times the Vitamin C found in oranges, four times the Vitamin A of carrots, three times the iron of spinach, four times as much calcium as milk and three times the potassium of bananas. Spinach is well-known in stabilizing the blood sugar among diabetics, it serves as an anti-oxidant, an anti-cancer agent, it prevents from atherosclerosis or thickening and hardening of arteries and it aids in the formation of the blood substance required for blood clotting. Besides of it being considered as an herb rich in Iron, it is also a rich source of Carbohydrates, Dietary fiber, Fat, Protein, Vitamin A, Beta-carotene, Lutein, Zeaxanthin, Folate, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin K and Calcium. The combination of both herbs can surely make a nutritious supplement for all ages. This study aims to presents the result of the beneficial mix of Malunggay and Spinach called as Malunggay and Spinach powder. A power duo, a product of nature, harness within reach and concocted with simplicity. II.Statement of the Problem The study aspired primarily, to search for alternative ways of utilizing the common backyard plants Malunggay and Spinach so that it won’t be placed into waste. Secondarily, make a different and simple preparation of it right in one’s home aside from the usual capsule and tablet forms, which currently dominate in the market. Lastly, to disseminate the information on how to augment a nutritional need within in reach and friendly to the pocket. The study addressed the following specific questions: 1.) What are the procedures in preparing the Malunggay and Spinach powder? 2.) Is there a specific expiration for this product? 3.) Are there different processes of drying each kind of leaves? 4.) How long can the end product be stored? 5.) Is it advisable to dry the Malunggay and Spinach leaves under direct sunlight? 6.) What are the uses of the Malunggay and Spinach powder as an additive? 7.) What specific amounts of Malunggay and Spinach to be prepared to meet our nutritional needs? 8.) What are the nutritional values from the combination of Malunggay and Spinach? 9.) Can this research work possibly be pursued in the future? III.Significance of the Study Health awareness is the prime investment, ingenuity is the investors joining effort and wellness is the net gain. Most people think that adapting a healthy and well-conditioned life is expensive and difficult to achieve. The significance is just how one resourcefully utilizes the cheap, the natural abundance of nature, and the untiring quest to alternatives and remedies. Malunggay and Spinach are kind of vegetables that are rich with vitamins, minerals and amino acids that are needed for optimum health. The purposeful cahoots will serve as a supplement Malunggay, touted as All- around miracle tree or Natures medicine cabinet contains a wide variety of nutrients in high amounts and Spinach, known as Powerhouse of Nutrients fill in essential Potassium, Phosphorus and Niacin that Malunggay does not have. This potent combination in powder form add nutrition to our deficient diet due to modern farming methods, nutrient-deficient soils, high levels of pollution that places more stress, and busy lifestyles that make it hard to prepare healthy balanced diet. It acts as an inexpensive insurance against nutritional deficiencies. This study will promote awareness on the relevance of serving of vegetable meals, soup, bread, dessert, shakes, juices and mixes with Malunggay and Spinach powder. It encourages households to plant Malunggay and Spinach in backyards for personal consumption. Finally, it inspires people to study and search for benefits on vegetables and other agricultural produce. IV.Scope and Limitation of the Study The study focused on the specifications of how to procure the major quality ingredients, the Malunggay and Spinach leaves and conscientiously observed the proper storage and maintanance of suitable room temperature. It took two (2) months and a half to get the final result of the research work using the method of experimentation. As Malunggay was readily cultivated in the backyard on the contrary, Spinach was a hard find. It started from a given tiny seedling from mountainous Busay and was replanted.

Choosing a Car to Buy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Choosing a Car to Buy - Essay Example The most important factors that influenced my decision in what type of car to buy are its affordability, use and aesthetic features. I like the Toyota Corolla because even though the price is quite high for me, I think I can work for it given a good payment scheme wherein I can pay for the item within a year. As I mentioned earlier, the car will be primarily for my daily activities so I want a car that is handy enough so I will not have trouble in parking spaces and even when I am on the road. I think the Corolla is easy to maneuver because of its ideal size and I can use it to work, school or other activities such as picnics and family visits. The car is just perfect for me in terms of functionality because with the many places I could use the car for, I do not think I would need another car for other functions. Lastly, I also want the features of the car. The car looks simple from the outside which I like so much because it is not a show-off. The size of the car is really important for me as well because it affects the functions mentioned above. I do not like a smaller car simply because I do not prefer it. I want to have friends ride with me for outdoor activities so I want a car that enables me to do just that. But a larger car would be difficult to bring along to most of my activities. Although a bigger car would be nice for outdoor activities such as picnics and camping but it is not every day that I go to such occasions. The Toyota Corolla is really a perfect choice for me in terms of price, functions and size.

Short answer questions about an economic article Essay

Short answer questions about an economic article - Essay Example Housing craze bubble occurred due to Goldman’s by reducing the standards of underwriting mortgages rates. They were able to trick pension schemes funds and insurance into buying into their idea. The mortgage package they offered had hidden irregularities meant to exploit the investors. Many rushed into investing thus creating a large real estate whose investment were being speculated by Goldman. Eventually, the housing bubble crumbled and investors were fleeced of their investment (Higgins 89). $4 a Gallon bubble came into being when Goldman influenced large investment companies to invest in the speculative oil market. When the world market prices declined, Goldman’s investors lost billions of investment. However, it was instrumental in manipulating pump prices rise to $4 a gallon thus continually robbing from the public. In the Rigging the Bailout bubble, Goldman’s caused the collapse of insurance and investment giants like AIG who remained deeply indebted to them. When the government chipped into bailout them, Goldman had to be paid fully despite them being behind the investment and insurer downfall. Global warming bubble occurred when Goldman covered up their bad deeds in the name of environmental conservation plan advocating for a bill that will limit carbon emission. Thus, they will trick companies into managing finances meant to reduce these emotions (Higgins 112). Goldman used its political influence to win over lucrative initial public offer deals. Its activities included bribery of executives of other investment institutions in order to be awarded future underwriting deals. Their top executives participated in a long-term greedy behaviour. They also manipulated the prices of shares to gain bonuses at the expense of its investors. Goldman’s behaviour led to shareholders and investors launching several lawsuits and it walked scot-free after manipulating the prosecution by paying a $60 million which is a small

The relationship between United States and Israel and its effect on Research Paper

The relationship between United States and Israel and its effect on other Middle Eastern countries - Research Paper Example The liaison between Israel and the United States is one of the most unstable and contemplated relationships in world history. From the period since its establishment in 1948 to today, Israel has faced up to eight diverse American presidents, and eight different outlooks toward Israel as a state, how the U.S.-Israeli relationship should be dealt with, and the issue of Palestine and its people. The relationship between the United States and Israel in the past six decades can be segregated into two schools of thought: the â€Å"special relationship paradigm† and â€Å"national interest orientation† stated Professor Robert Lieber of Georgetown University, an expert on US-Israeli relations . The United States was the first country to recognize Israel as an independent State because at the time in 1948, and until today, the U.S. Government presumes that it shares certain common values and political aims. Under the special relationship paradigm, which forms the basis of U.S. s upport of Israel even today, the Truman Administration sensed that Israel, like the U.S., held a revolutionary fortitude, was compiled of a diverse societal symphony, and shared its democratic ideals. The national interest orientation transpired over time and included mutual aims such as extenuating the Arab-Israeli conflict, sustaining Western access to Middle Eastern Oil, the battle against Islamic Fundamentalism, and with Israel in place, the U.S. was assured continued influence in the Middle East. Definitely, the initial support of the U.S. for Israel was not all politically motivated rather they were initiated on the basis of moral, cultural, and religious sentimental grounds stemming from the mayhem committed in Europe during the Holocaust, which resulted in the major immigration of Jews to Jerusalem and the surrounding areas in the first place (Ben-Zvi 2009). The period from 1948-1957 forms the first phase in the history of U.S.-Israeli relationship. As stated before, the Uni ted States was the first nation to give de facto recognition to the State of Israel primarily on grounds of moral obligation and geo-strategic concerns. This unambiguous assertion of support gave birth to a lifetime relationship between the two countries. However, in these starting years, the United States’ faith in Israel was low, and they were not provided any assistance in monetary or military form. The primary reason of U.S. for making Israel its ally during this period was that in the midst of the Cold War, Israel stood alone as the solitary supporter of the West and discourager of communism in the Middle East. The Truman Administration called this approach an eccentricity of the modus operandi, or method of operation, of stemming Soviet influence in the

Culture and globalisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Culture and globalisation - Essay Example Benjamin Barber is one of the proponents of the idea that the notion of globalization is destructive for it threatens morals and religious values of people, the distinctiveness of cultures and can turn the world into one big market. There are four main points in Barbers argumentation. First of all, he presents the notion of â€Å"theme parking† which is â€Å"a kind of diversity but it is the diversity of a theme park† (â€Å"Globalization and Culture† 9). By this, he means that even though there is a diversity, it is simulated, artificial, and, in fact, is far from authenticity. Secondly, Barber argues that globalization is homogenization and standardization of culture that affects peoples cultural and aesthetic values, such as eating fast food instead of spending time with family at a dinner table. Also, the opponent of globalization states that more powerful markets, such as the American one, tend to master and destroy the weaker markets and, consequently, inf luence other cultures. Finally, Barber says that globalization is a threat not only to aesthetic but to religious and moral values of people, especially of the representatives of cultures that differ a lot from â€Å"McWorld†, such as Islamic, Hindu, and Judaic cultures, and that to some extent this threat gives rise to terrorism. Tyler Cowan, in his turn, believes that globalization is the positive trend in the development of the modern society and the entire world. He agues that â€Å"markets support diversity and freedom of choice, and trade gives a greater opportunity for artists to express their creative inspiration (â€Å"Glibalization and Culture† 8). In addition to this, Cowan claims that globalization does tend to increase difference between cultures, and at the same time it frees difference from geographical location. Tyler Cowan also refutes four arguments presented by Benjamin

Leadership based on a video 12 angry men Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leadership based on a video 12 angry men - Essay Example At one instance where he got agitated he offered his own position to another jury member which shows his weakness. He did not portrayed any of the attributes that a leader might have practiced. He was not the most intelligent in the room neither was he extrovert or conscientious. He was bound by the rules and norms followed by a jury foreman and he kept on reminding jury members of them although he never used his influence to strictly enforce them. His pause when the architect did not favor the guilty verdict in the beginning shows that he was hesitant and was only a follower of popular opinion. Furthermore there were no inherent leadership qualities that would separate him from other jury members as a result his idea of conducted a secret ballot in the beginning was shot down and he was referred to as a â€Å"kid† by Juror # 10. After seeing the movie it is felt that there was a very insignificant role played by the jury foreman as he relinquished his responsibility to lead t he group and losses his composure. After losing his composure he was only fulfilling the demands of the Jurors, for example taking a vote or asking the guard for exhibits (12 Angry Men, 1997). Q2. How was the behavioral leadership theory depicted in the movie? Provide at least three examples from the movie to support your argument. The movie has substantial content that supports behavioral leadership theory, leadership can be learned and is not a born trait (Carpenter et al., 2010). It is observed in the movie that during the course of time most jurors show courage and learn to accept both fact based information and humanistic elements (Carpenter et al., 2010). Initially most of the Juror’s appeared convinced of guilty verdict and to a certain extent biased but as the discussions progressed they change themselves and learned to stand up for what they believed and distanced themselves from biasness. The foremost example is Juror # 9, the nice old man who agrees with the majori ty initially but later on his confidence, courage and ability to understand and present both fact and human based elements convinces other jury members, something presented in the behavioral theories as Laissez-faire style of leadership. His keen observation related to wearing the glasses proved sufficient to convince Juror 4 who was till then adamantly supporting the guilty verdict. Similarly the African American Juror, who grew up in slums was very shy as he abstains from commenting and stayed silent in the beginning although later on he stands up for who he was and using his experience he brought forward his arguments about the murder weapon (knife) and how they are usually applied. The third example was Juror # 7, the sports fan who had no interest what so ever in the case as he wanted to get over with it so he can go to the baseball match. Later on as facts are revealed to him he shows interest and changes his behavior as a sarcastic member of the group to an accepting member w ho supported the truth by removing his perceptual bias towards the accused teenager. It is a fact that all the men in that room learned and grew that day, fighting their personal prejudices, bias, indifference, anger, cultural difference, fears and bad experiences to reach a fair judgment but all due to Juror

Report on the Solar Power Generation Versus Hydropower Generation Assignment

Report on the Solar Power Generation Versus Hydropower Generation - Assignment Example The research had been done through; questionnaires, interviews and document review. It discusses hydro electric power production systems, wind turbine generators, coal as a source of energy, solar energy and geothermal sources of energy. Government is seen to play a key role in the progress of these processes. It is seen that the government has affirm stand as pertains to the different kinds of power generation methods. Its support of hydro power systems is evident from the percentage of hydro power generated and connected to the national grid system. This report will look at the methodology used in collecting data, the results and carry out a discussion from which a conclusion and appropriate recommendations will be made (Patton, 2002). Introduction This is a report of research on the power production in Waikato. Research was done to compare the methods of power generation in Waikato; hydroelectric power and solar power. ... This report is to outline some the merits and demerits of these methods of production of power. These were to be used in the control of the environmental pollution during energy generation processes. Government involvement in the production and supply of power to other parts was to be discussed. This was to help know the depth of government intervention in these processes. These pieces information were required for the deep understanding of these methods. It was to help know the one that call for more intervention by the government, their impact on the environment, the cost of production and supply to the areas of use. The report therefore entails; research plan, results, discussion, conclusion and recommendation. s Research plan/ methodology Before commencing our study we structured our research plan in the following steps: Description of evaluation criteria Data collecting process and information research Assessing the power supply sources and levels Interviewing of experts Analyzi ng the power supply trends based on the collected data Step1: description of evaluation criteria To ensure that we collected relevant information, we outlined our criterion as follows; 1. Identification of the power generating methods: this entailed the identification of the sources and machines involved. 2. Identification of the impact of the related power sources to the environment; we were to describe or find out the sources, machines and procedures involved impact the surrounding environment. 3. Determination of the cost effectiveness of the methods and systems; we were to determine the cost incurred to construct, maintain and run the production system. 4. Determination of the life span of the equipments, structures and machines involved; from the

SLP 5 TUX - 101 CAREER EXPLORATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SLP 5 TUX - 101 CAREER EXPLORATION - Essay Example To link an organization’s management and all the employees. Coordinating as well as supervising the roles played by specialists and the subordinate staff members within the organization. The human resource managers oversee the recruitment, interview, selection as well as the hiring process of new employees. The managers offer advisory services to the managers of other department on matters such as gender equality and sexual offences. The human resource managers also handle staffing issues such as mediating disputes and directing disciplinary procedures. I have chosen this profession due to the many opportunities that comes with it. The retail manager position in every organization is a post that is charged with the day-to-day running of stores or departments within the organization. The aim of any retail manager is to maximize profit while minimizing costs since these factors largely depend on them. A retail manager is thus answerable on matters pertaining the financial performance of the company. Retail managers ensure promotions are accurate and merchandised to the company’s standards, staff are fully versed on the target for the day and excellent customer care standards are met. In some companies retail managers may also be required to deal with human resources, marketing, logistics, information technology, customer service and finance. This is aimed at ensuring smooth operations within the organization (Greenhaus, 12-36). The retail managers are responsible for overseeing all operations in a retail store. Operations can include staffing, bookkeeping, security and ensuring overall cleanliness. They are held accountable for the stores profitability, so they must develop and implement cost-cutting measures to minimize expenses. Supervising the stores customer service procedures is also a part of the managers day-to-day activities, and she may frequently have to

The Conversation and the 1970s America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Conversation and the 1970s America - Essay Example In this movie, Harry Caul has the ability of recording any private conversation between two or more people, and anywhere they are. However, one of surveillance work resulted into the murder of three individuals. This creates a sense of guilt and regret over the work he did. This guilt is also brought about by his strict religious believes in Catholicism (Welsh, Gene and Rodney, 33). On this note, the consequences of his surveillance work that led to the murder of these three individuals greatly affected another contract he got from Martin Stett. This is because of the perceptions that Caul had, in regard to his work, and the use of the information from him. To him, the intention of Martin Stett was to kill the two couples, that is Ann and Mark. On this basis, Caul refused to hand over the buggled information to Martin Stett. However, the perceptions of Caul were wrong, since the intention of Martin Stett was to use the information for purposes of protecting his boss, the Director. A role played by Robert Duvall. His lack of judgment led to the murder of Robert Duvall. This scene directly relates to the political events of the 1974. During this period, the political environment was filled with information emanating from the Watergate scandal. During this scandal, President Nixon was found with tapes that had recordings of private conversation of various people. The FBI were able to prove that the president had a complex recording system that was able to effectively record any conversation involving two. or more individuals, anywhere they are. It is this type of technology that Harry Caul used in recording and blogging into the private conversations of individuals.In fact, the producer of the movie denotes that the film used the same types of surveillance technology and wiretapping equipment’s that the Nixon administration used during the scandal. However, Coppola is quick to point that this is coincidental since the script of the movie was written in the 1960s, before the disclosure of the Watergate scandal. The blogging took place at the political offices of the democrats situated at their Watergate

My watch Essay Example for Free

My watch Essay My beautiful new watch had run eighteen months without losing or gaining, and without breaking any part of its machinery or stopping. I had come to believe it infallible in its judgments about the time of day, and to consider its constitution and its anatomy imperishable. But at last, one night, I let it run down. I grieved about it as if it were a recognized messenger and forerunner of calamity. But by and by I cheered up, set the watch by guess, and commanded my bodings and superstitions to depart. Next day I stepped into the chief jewelers to set it by the exact time, and the head of the establishment took it out of my hand and proceeded to set it for me. Then he said, She is four minutes slow – regulator wants pushing up. I tried to stop him – tried to make him understand that the watch kept perfect time. But no; all this human cabbage could see was that the watch was four minutes slow, and the regulator MUST be pushed up a little; and so, while I danced around him in anguish, and implored him to let the watch alone, he calmly and cruelly did the shameful deed. My watch began to gain. It gained faster and faster day by day. Within the week it sickened to a raging fever, and its pulse went up to a hundred and fifty in the shade. At the end of two months it had left all the timepieces of the town far in the rear, and was a fraction over thirteen days ahead of the almanac. It was away into November enjoying the snow, while the October leaves were still turning. It hurried up house rent, bills payable, and such things, in such a ruinous way that I could not abide it. I took it to the watchmaker to be regulated. He asked me if I had ever had it repaired. I said no, it had never needed any repairing. He looked a look of vicious happiness and eagerly pried the watch open, and then put a small dice box into his eye and peered into its machinery. He said it wanted cleaning and oiling, besides regulating – come in a week. After being cleaned and oiled, and regulated, my watch slowed down to that degree that it ticked like a tolling bell. I began to be left by trains, I failed all appointments, I got to missing my dinner; my watch strung out three days grace to four and let me go to protest; I gradually drifted back into yesterday, then day before, then into last week, and by and by the comprehension came upon me that all solitary and alone I was lingering along in week before last, and the world was out of sight. I seemed to detect in myself a sort of sneaking fellow-feeling for the mummy in the museum, and desire to swap news with him. I went to a watch maker again. He took the watch all to pieces while I waited, and then said the barrel was swelled. He said he could reduce it in three days. After this the watch AVERAGED well, but nothing more. For half a day it would go like the very mischief, and keep up such a barking and wheezing and whooping and sneezing and snorting, that I could not hear myself think for the disturbance; and as long as it held out there was not a watch in the land that stood any chance against it. But the rest of the day it would keep on slowing down and fooling along until all the clocks it had left behind caught up again. So at last, at the end of twenty-four hours, it would trot up to the judges stand all right and just in time. It would show a fair and square average, and no man could say it had done more or less than its duty. But a correct average is only a mild virtue in a watch, and I took this instrument to another watchmaker. He said the kingbolt was broken. I said I was glad it was nothing more serious. To tell the plain truth, I had no idea what the kingbolt was, but I did not choose to appear ignorant to a stranger. He repaired the kingbolt, but what the watch gained in one way it lost in another. It would run awhile and then stop awhile, and then run awhile again, and so on, using its own discretion about the intervals. And every time it went off it kicked back like a musket. I padded my breast for a few days, but finally took the watch to another watchmaker. He picked it all to pieces, and turned the ruin over and over under his glass; and then he said there appeared to be something the matter with the hair- trigger. He fixed it, and gave it a fresh start. It did well now, except that always at ten minutes to ten the hands would shut together like a pair of scissors, and from that time forth they would travel together. The oldest man in the world could not make head or tail of the time of day by such a watch, and so I went again to have the thing repaired. This person said that the crystal had got bent, and that the mainspring was not straight. He also remarked that part of the works needed ha lf- soling. He made these things all right, and then my timepiece performed unexceptionably, save that now and then, after working along quietly for nearly eight hours, everything inside would let go all of a sudden and begin to buzz like a bee, and the hands would straightway begin to spin round and round so fast that their individuality was lost completely, and they simply seemed a delicate spiders web over the face of the watch. She would reel off the next twenty-four hours in six or seven minutes, and then stop with a bang. I went with a heavy heart to one more watchmaker, and looked on while he took her to pieces. Then I prepared to cross-question him rigidly, for this thing was getting serious. The watch had cost two hundred dollars originally, and I seemed to have paid out two or three thousand for repairs. While I waited and looked on I presently recognized in this watchmaker an old acquaintance – a steamboat engineer of other days, and not a good engineer, either. He examined all the parts carefully, just as the other watchmakers had done, and then delivered his verdict with the same confidence of manner. He said: She makes too much steam – you want to hang the monkey-wrench on the safety-valve! I brained him on the spot, and had him buried at my own expense. My uncle William (now deceased, alas!) used to say that a good horse was a good horse until it had run away once, and that a good watch was a good watch until the repairers got a chance at it. And he used to wonder what became of all the unsuccessful tinkers, and gunsmiths, and shoemakers, and engineers, and blacksmiths; but nobody could ever tell him

Everyman-a Medieval Play Review Essay Example for Free

Everyman-a Medieval Play Review Essay Summary Everyman is a play which was written to express the importance of morality, to whoever read it or experienced it being performed on stage. Some scholars say that it was written sometime in the late 1400’s, while others insist that it is a translation of a Flemish work called â€Å"Elckerlijc†, which was written by Peter van Diest in 1495. Everyman is an allegory play which is heavily based upon Christian religious perspectives; also it is resoundingly similar to the Christian belief of the resurrection of Christ, and his ascension into Heaven, after the crucifixion. The first act of Everyman, opens with a prologue which takes on the form of a messenger, telling the audience about the fate which is to come to Everyman. The messenger goes on to tell the audience that eventually God will call upon all of humanity to stand before him, and give account of their works which they had wrought in life. The next part of the play is God calling upon Death, to go and bring Everyman to stand before him. God commands Death to go and bring Everyman before him, so that he may give account of his own misdeeds that he has wrought in life. So Death goes and finds Everyman, and tells him that his time has come. Everyman then attempts to bribe Death with a thousand pounds, but Death refuses. However, he states that he will allow Everyman to bring someone with him, so that he does not have to face his judgment alone. Everyman first goes to Fellowship, whom represents friends and companions; and asks him to accompany him to go and stand before the judgment God. Fellowship, whom had promised to stand besides Everyman through whatever may come; tells Everyman that he will not go with him to the grave, because he fears Death and the judgment of God. Everyman is heartbroken, but then goes on to the next in line. Everyman then goes to Kindred and Cousin, which are supposed to represent family and kin; but they too tell him that they will not accompany him on his way to the grave. Thirdly, Everyman turns to Goods, which represents material possessions; nonetheless she also states that she will not go with Everyman to his final judgment. Everyman is very concerned by this point, and so he turns to Good Deeds for companionship. Good Deeds states that she will go with Everyman to face his judgment with him; but unfortunately she lacks the strength for such a journey, because Everyman  has neglected her throughout his life. Good Deeds tells Everyman that he must then go before her sister, Knowledge; for she will know the way in which Good Deeds may regain strength. Upon meeting Knowledge, she tells Everyman that he must go before Confession; and there Everyman confesses his sins. Afterward, Confession gives Everyman a â€Å"jewel† called Penance; which cleanses Everyman of his sins, so that he may stand before God and not be in jeopardy of damnation. With his confession behind him, Good Deeds regains his strength, and is ready to accompany Everyman to the grave. Knowledge then tells Everyman to gather together his attributes of life: Beauty, Strength, Discretion, and Five Wits; so that they too may accompany him to his reckoning with God. But when Everyman gathers them together, they tell him that they will not go with him to the grave; essentially because they are all characteristics of youth, which are all now fleeting from him, as he has the end of life. With that, Knowledge, and Good Deeds accompany Everyman to his final reckoning with God. There enters the character Angel; Knowledge then attests to Angel that Everyman was a good and just person, and in the end, he confessed his sins before God. Then Everyman and Good Deeds go down into the grave, and thus make their way to stand before God in the final judgment of Everyman. Fundamentally, this play ends with the character, Doctor, stating that all accept Good Deeds and Knowledge will all flee from a person, when they go before God for their final judgment. *** Issues in Raised in Key Resources There are several key issues which were raised by the scholars that wrote the major resources which I used to write this report. This play has received a moderate amount of popularity over the past near 500 years; and now today there are some scholars and researchers whom are exceptionally critical, both positively and negatively, of the details as to how it was written. One criticism of note would have to be one which was voiced by Thomas F van Laan. In referring to the general premise of Everyman, he contends of the writer that â€Å"His speech is essentially negative; he focuses solely on the inevitability of death and the destructiveness of sin†. Simply put, Mr. van Laan is stating that at first, the sole purpose of this work appears to emphasize specifically on death and how mankind should feel only sorrow for anything that they do, which goes against the teachings of Christianity. Another criticism of this work which Mr. van Laan refers to is the point in the beginning when God first speaks. Mr. Van Laan states: â€Å"Gods words are wholly negative in force, implying only the difficulty to come, omitting any indication of hope for mankind†. Mr.  van Laan is voicing this criticism on the opening section of the play, fundamentally about how he considers Gods words to be too negative in their approach. In expressing this condemnation, Mr. van Laan is adamant about his beliefs that God would probably not be so disconcerting in his approach to dealing with mankind. However not all that Mr. van Laan has to say about Everyman is negative in nature. He goes on to shed light on the allegory nature of the play, and how this lends credence to its being a unique, legitimate work of theater. He contends that â€Å"The first movement, is a falling action, which traces Everyman’s’ decline in fortune. This shatters the apparent serenity of his life, to the depth of his despair†¦fallowed by the second movement, a rising action, which carries him from this nadir unto his final salvation†¦which is symbolized by the words of the welcoming Angel†. It is my belief, that essentially what Mr. van Laan is stating, is that by using actual characters to personify the specific aspects of human nature; the persona of the play becomes a two-fold endeavor. Firstly, by the characters being literal representations of human qualities; they achieve a form of realism, which is normally only conveyed through the use of spoken dialog. Secondly, the movement’s themselves-transpiring from a state of utter despair, to a state of harmonious bliss; is not only characteristic of all great works of drama, but also of life itself. Throughout Mr. van Laan’s review of Everyman, he states his opinion that by the author using characters to represent the individual aspects of human identity; the play conveys a form of realism, which is distinctly unique. Next brings us to the arguments made by the researcher Roger A. Ladd. His belief is that this play was not written for the everyday person, but was in fact written to be a work which would have been performed for the â€Å"bourgeoisie†. His reasoning stems from research which had been done by scholar Dorothy Wertz; the same scholar who also believes that Everyman was probably written strictly to be performed for the elite rich. In her research, Mrs. Wertz points to the fact that â€Å"by simply examining the vocabulary and phrases used in the original piece, one can determine whom the play had been written for†. In that, she states that â€Å"the wording itself would have been too formal for ordinary citizens of the time period to ascertain†. However, unlike Mrs. Wertz, who believes that Everyman is specifically nothing more than a direct translation of Elckerlijc; Mr. Ladd assumes that it is an amalgamation of Elckerlijc and other English literary customs of the era. Mr. Ladd’s purported theory was reached in part, by investigating the traits of the character â€Å"Goods†, and comparing them with the English anti-mercantile satire traditions which were popular in the late-medieval period. An example of which being, that in the Germanic-Dutch based Elckerlijc, Goods is described as appearing as â€Å"Neglected, rusty. . . heaped up, filthy†. However in Everyman as Mr. Ladd purports, Goods appears in a more English anti-mercantile manner as being â€Å"trussed and piled so high, and in chest I am locked so fast, also sacked in bags†. The Everyman description, falls in line with the late-medieval literary tradition of anti-mercantilism; which according to Mr. Ladd, comes as proof that Everyman could not have been strictly just an English translation of Elckerlijc. Another scholar whom is acquiescent in his research of Everyman is Lawrence V. Ryan. Mr. Ryan takes an approach, which seems to be more about discerning the religious implications of the play Everyman. The first point that Mr. Ryan makes is that †Without theology, the artistic merit may not be fully appreciated†¦that the theology involved is indispensable, not indefensible, and furthermore, that it gives the play its characters, structure, significance, and even its dramatic impressiveness†. One of the main points which all three scholars agree upon is that by being deserted by all those whom Everyman turns to for help; the audience develops a strong sense of pathos, for the plight of Everyman. Mr. Ryan suggests that the emergence of these false-friend characters â€Å"all appear in a climactic order, according to the increased danger of each as a distraction from one’s Maker†. Finally, Mr. Ryan gives his opinion about the reason why all the characters that abandon Everyman, as well as Everyman himself, are all men; and why the only characters that accompany him are women. In essence, the logic behind this as Mr. Ryan contends is that â€Å"All men are born into a state of sin†¦and that for dramatic suspense; the author chose to have the only redeeming characters be women†¦to show that women can counteract this dogma†. Personal Reaction to â€Å"Everyman† My personal opinion of this particular play is one of high appreciation. Unlike some of the reviews of scholars which I have read, which did not display too much positive reception for this work; I personally enjoyed reading it, and doing my report on this play. When I first tried to read the Old-English original version of this play, I found it incredibly hard to ascertain what exactly the meaning was behind what the author had written. Understandably it was difficult for me when trying to use the un-translated Everyman, as Old-English is a version of our language, which has been out-of-date for centuries. When I found the translated version of Everyman on the Fordham University website and began reading it, I almost instantly thought that it had been a work which had been written by either someone whom was a priest, or had been another member of the Christian church in some capacity. Another notion which I had was that if the play had not been written by someone who was a church member, then it obviously had to have been written by someone whom had some form of agenda for getting people involved with the Christian church in some form or another. Perhaps the author had a legitimate reason for wanting people to become more involved with the church or to become closer to god in some fashion. On the other hand, perhaps there was a more sinister motive; like getting more people into the flock of the church, in order to acquire more money flowing into their coffers. Personally, I think that it was a combination of both motives, and that whoever had wrote this play, also had a genuine interest in using a popular mode of expression. Or perhaps the author wanted to show that by turning away from the sins of the flesh; that a person could attain a state of consciousness, which could bring them closer to a higher form of enlightenment. No matter what the personal objectives were for its creation, one thing remains clear; this was that the author of this particular piece was incredibly ahead of his time. From what I have examined in doing research for this report project; in reading other plays that date from the late medieval age, I can honestly say with a certainty, that I have not read anything that dates from this period, which is as unique as this. The usage of human emotions and possessions being personified into literal characters is uniquely a modern notion; and from what I have found, does not appear to have been done in a theatrical piece until sometime around 18th or 19th century. This plot construction is something which I have seen in movies and television shows; which are much more recent, than something that dates from the late medieval period. One example that immediately comes to mind is Charles Dickens’ Christmas Carol; although not entirely the same in primary foundation, the underlying principle is similar. Some of the scholars that I read about, that reviewed this work; were quick to dismiss it as being either frivolity, or simply nothing more than an act of religious propaganda. I have to disagree with both sides; I feel that this is a excellent illustration of late medieval/early modern era theatrical work, which will more than likely see its relevance come again. Summary of key scholarship on this play The first article which I used to review for this report on the play Everyman was a modern-English translation, of the late medieval original version of the play. This particular article didn’t offer any insight into it, as in scholar reviews; but it was extremely helpful in writing my summary of the play. Without this article, I am not sure if I would have been able to do this research project on this particular play, as I would not have been able to even ascertain what it was about. The next article which I used to write this report was written by Roger Ladd. Mr. Ladd took a definitively scholarly approach to conducting his research. Some of the main issues which he decided to confront were how the play Everyman deals with the religious implications of how material wealth corrupts the good intentions of mankind. Ladd went into detail, comparing the details of Everyman, to other plays of similar genera that date from the period. He explains about how most everyday citizens of the late medieval period, looked at the assemblage of material wealth, as the path to avarice, which puts their immortal souls in jeopardy. Like many other scholars whom have written journals about the â€Å"morality plays†, Ladd believes that in order to find out whom the plays written for, one has to look into the wording of the work; by doing this, he states that it becomes apparent who the target was. For example Everyman, when the main character is forced to give up his worldly possessions; it is written to appear as if this could have been the most dastardly thing which could have occurred in his life. Other key scholarship reviews of this play, comes from the scholarly works of Lawrence V. Ryan. Ryan takes an approach to his research, which is concerned with how organized religion is suspect in this play. One of his main thesis’ is about how in the play, Everyman attains salvation through his own works, and not by the salvation which comes from God. He talks about how many religious figures were quick to label Everyman as a work of unholy declarations; and that how many of these religious leaders informed members of their churches that they would be in danger of hell by going to watch a performance of Everyman. Ryan is perhaps the most non-forgiving of the three scholars that I chose to use. Mostly, he tries to make it known that he is of the opinion that Everyman was only an English translation of the Dutch work Elckerlijc. He does not make use of very much authentic information to make this claim, he simply relies on paraphrasing works which had been written by other scholars. Next, I used the research from the scholar Thomas F. vanLaan. VanLaan goes into detail describing the individual characters of Everyman. Noteworthy, is how he explains the nature of these characters, and how they relate to the human experience. Differing from the other scholars whom I referenced in this report, Mr.vanLaan gives a very logical accounting of why the author chose to incorporate inanimate human natures, as the title characters for this play. The choices for the human failings and material wealth, was carefully used to make the play appeal to nearly everyone whom would have watched its production. An example being, of how Everyman had acquired material goods in his life, which would have appealed to the rich; while on the other hand, Everyman losing his material possessions would have gained the approval of the poor which might have been in the audience. However, I never found one scholarly review, which did not offer at least one compliment about this great play. Endnotes *** Paul Halsall, Internet Medieval Sourcebook, â€Å"Medieval Handbook: Everyman, 15th Century†, Fordham University (August 1998) (Accessed on October 20th, 2010) http://www. fordham. edu/halsall/basis/everyman. html The entire summary which I wrote was based upon the modern-English translation of Everyman, which was available online at the Fordham University site.

Values Practice Issues Within Mental Health Nursing Practice

Values Practice Issues Within Mental Health Nursing Practice Using the values identified in the attached book (empathy and importance of self expression) review prepare a 2000 word discussion and analysis of values practice issues within mental health nursing practice. Introduction This essay aims to explore some issues around values and practice in mental health nursing. The essay builds upon a previous piece of work undertaken as a formative assignment, a review of a book read by the author, which raised some key points which may be important in mental health nursing practice. The process of uncovering these issues, in response to reviewing and reading a work of fiction, was one which led to a connection of ideas, from what the book presented, and from the author’s personal experience, life experience, and clinical experience and learning to date. The identified issues are to do with compassion, empathy and the importance of self-expression. These are all issues which the author believes are very much taken for granted in everyday life, but which become very significant for users of mental health services, and for mental health service providers, because they affect many areas of the person, their experience, and the therapeutic relationship. This essay will explore these issues in the light of some of the published theory and debate on these topics, and the author’s own point of view and experiences. Discussion It would seem that within mental health nursing, the relationship between the mental health nurse and the client is very important, but this relationship is based on certain values which must underpin nursing care (Eagger et al, 2005), and certain needs or requirements that the client might feel in relation to the nurse. Nurses working within a framework of values is no new thing, and values (and ethics) have always underpinned medicine and healthcare (Eagger et al, 2005). According to Svedberg et al (2003), â€Å"Mental health is created by the interwoven process of one’s relationship to oneself and to others†, which would suggest that the relationships the client forms with anyone involved in supporting mental health are doubly important. The client may find self-expression important for themselves, but also they will require compassion from the mental health nurse. The nurse, in turn, may be challenged by the client’s self-expression, and may find it hard to feel compassion or to empathise with the client at times. One of the challenges of providing compassionate care and even for the mental health nurse to experience compassion is the supposed relationship which some authors have found between perceived suffering and caregiver compassion. Schulz et al (2007) suggest that there are links between perceived suffering and the level of caregiver compassion. If this is the case, then it could be argued that some mental health nurses who do not feel or display compassion are doing so because on some level they do not perceive or believe the client to be truly suffering, or to be worthy of compassion. This would raise an ethical issue, because all the patient’s needs should be met, no matter what the ‘personal’ response to the client. However, this could be a lack of perception on the part of the mental health nurse. Akerjordet and Severinsson (2004) discuss the issue of emotional intelligence in nursing, a concept which affects the nurse-patient relationship, particularly within mental health nursing. Salovey and Mayer (1990) define emotional intelligence as â€Å"the ability to monitor ones own and others feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them and to use this information to guide ones thinking and actions† (p 185). In their qualitative study, Akerjordet and Severinsson (2004) found four dominant themes about emotional intelligence in mental health nursing â€Å"relationship with the patient; the substance of supervision; motivation; and responsibility.† This would suggest that emotional intelligence on the part of the nurse is important within mental health nursing. Akerjordet and Severinsson (2004) suggest that emotional intelligence â€Å"stimulates the search for a deeper understanding of a professional mental health nursing identity† and that â€Å"emotional learning and maturation processes are central to professional competence, that is, personal growth and development.† (p 164). Therefore, the mental health nurse would need to develop the emotional intelligence to understand why they are finding it hard to feel compassion for the client, and to take action to remedy this, and to act in a sensitive and supportive way towards the client, even if they do not truly feel compassionate towards them. Shattell et al (2007) carried out research on the therapeutic relationship within mental health services, and found that clients expressed experiences of the therapeutic relationship under the following themes: relate to me, know me as a person, and get to the solution. â€Å"A therapeutic relationship for persons with mental illness requires in-depth personal knowledge, which is acquired only with time, understanding, and skill. Knowing the whole person, rather than knowing the person only as a service recipient.† (Shattell et al, 2007 p 274). This would suggest that the mental health nurse should be motivated to develop an empathy with the client through this knowledge, and should actively engage in seeking out ways to know and to understand the client. This may relate back to the issue of emotional intelligence, because the mental health nurse needs to know themselves very well, and to understand themselves and their professional persona (Akerjordet and Severinsson, 2004) b efore they can then go on to get to know and understand, and empathise with, the client. Hamilton and Roper (2007) discuss the concept of insight, looking at its theoretical underpinnings, and the fact that it is problematic in mental health nursing because it can be difficult to have insight into patient’s experiences of mental illness. Insight is seen as part of the process of getting to know and understand the client, and from this, developing a knowledge of their mental illness, including diagnosing their particular mental illness (Hamilton and Roper, 2007). However, developing this insight is made difficult by problems such as the perceived difference in power between caregiver and client, and the expectations of ‘patient behaviours’ (Hamilton and Roper, 2007). This would suggest that the mental health nurse needs to see each patient as an individual, as unique, and to take the time to truly get to know the person and their experience of mental illness. Definitions of mental illness, and labels, can make this harder, for the nurse, and for the cl ient as well, who fears being reduced to his or her disease rather than being seen as a person who is ill (Hamilton and Roper, 2007; Shattell et al, 2007). Research by Shatell et al (2006) emphasises this point. In their study, clients raised a number of issues around being understood by mental health caregivers, and it was this concept of being understood which seemed most important in developing an effective therapeutic relationship. Some of these concepts include: feeling important; establishing connections, and being on the same level (Shatell et al, 2006). Research by Svedberg et al (2003) found similar results, and in their study â€Å"the patients described how the feeling of mutuality in the relationship with the nurse was important for the promotion of health processes. Mutuality was achieved by doing things together and by having a dialogue with each other.† (p 451). This author feels that these ideals can be properly achieved by mental health nurses who take time to get to know the client and who develop empathy with the client through focusing attention on them. The patients wanted to feel understood in Shatell et alà ¢â‚¬â„¢s (2006) study. â€Å" Feeling important was a major consequence of being understood. Being understood made patients feel like human beings rather than being treated like a number or being treated like in a factory. Participants wanted to be treated like human beings, not as sick, mentally ill persons; like persons, not a set of diagnoses â€Å" (Shatell et al, 2006 p 237). This could be viewed as a consequence of the compassion and self-awareness of the nurse as a professional, and of their ability to see the client as an individual, to not be prejudiced by anything about them, especially not their illness. This is very important. This author believes that compassion and empathy develop through getting to know the client properly, and that these all enhance the therapeutic relationship. Shatell et al (2006) also suggest that clients feel important when they know the nurse has been thinking of them at times other than face to face contact, and this is something to think of for practice, particularly in relation to the conversations that nurses have with patients. It is also important that mental health nurses develop proper listening skills, which would also allow them to develop compassionate understanding, and support the client in expressing themselves (Freshwater, 2006). Encouraging self-expression is an important part of nurses getting to know their patients, it would seem, but self-expression is not easy for many people. People with mental illness are often negotiating a range of different sense of what constitutes their ‘self’ (Meehan and Machlachlan, 2008). â€Å" For example, a professional woman becomes a mother and wife or ‘homemaker’ when she leaves the office for home. In changing from one self to another type, her multiple self voices renegotiate their hierarchy and positions and create a coherent self story consistent with the role of mother and wife.† (Meehan and Machlachlan, 2008). These negotiations can be problematic for the person with mental illness, and this just provides one example of how complex understanding the self can be, which makes self-expression similarly challenging. Yet it would be worthwhile to develop activities and actions which would sup port this. It may be that there are ways that mental health nurses can encourage or support self-expression and the development of caregiver understanding of the client. For example, Raingruber (2004) discusses the use of poetry in child and adolescent mental health, as a means of self-expression, arguing that poetry has the power to allow clients to develop self awareness and to express their feelings. Raingruber (2004) suggests that â€Å"The complexity, power, and beauty of language within poetry allow the expression of intense human experiences† (p 14). While there are drawbacks and limitations to the therapeutic use of poetry, it might be that this offers one kind of opportunity for self-expression, on the part of the client, and empathy, on the part of the mental health nurse. â€Å" When an appropriate moment arises, poetry should be used to help clinicians, nursing students, and clients become more aware of and open to possibilities.† (Raingruber, 2004 p 16). However, this author believes that the mental health nurse would need some skills in this area, or to be someone who is perhaps comfortable with using or writing poetry themselves, if they were to use it to any great extent with clients. Feen-Calligan et al (2008) make similar assertions about using visual art in supporting mental health users who are substance misusers. Feen Calligan et al (2008) found that â€Å"As the women learned to verbalize their feelings and reflect on their situations through interpretative interactions with visual art, they gained insight into their feelings and issues they faced in their recovery from chemical dependency.† (p 287). This research seems to show that using visual art and image processing allowed the women to fully express their feelings in ways they had not been able to before (Feen-Calligan et al, 2008). Again, some kind of knowledge or skill on the part of the nurse would be necessary. Both of these examples are of arts-related activities, and relate strongly back to the formative assessment and book review. It might be that there is great scope within mental health nursing to encourage self-knowledge, self-expression and mutuality through the use of creative arts an d fiction. Certainly this would provide a way for nurses to relate to clients more readily, to be on their level, and to talk in terms and metaphors that they are familiar with. Conclusion It would seem that underpinning mental health nursing are a number of core values which need to be more explicit in the discourses around the profession and in the practices of those within it. Svedberg et al (2003) state: â€Å"The most important goal of nursing care is to promote the subjective experience of health. The health promoting efforts of mental health care nurses must be aimed at creating encounters where the patient will be confirmed both existentially and as an individual worthy of dignity.† (p 448). The core values of mental health nursing should orientate towards this kind of confirmation of worth on the part of the healthcare provider for the client. Eagger et al (2005) state: â€Å"Organisations, too, would benefit from a clear, values-based statement that staff at all levels can identify with. Institutions encouraging a culture of care can contribute significantly towards creating a healing environment for staff as well as patients.† ( p 28). This would be particularly relevant for mental health nursing and mental health services, and might signify and important area for future practice development. Undertaking this exploration has shown to the author the need for self-awareness and emotional intelligence on the part of mental health nurses, as a prerequisite for developing true compassion and empathy. Fostering self-expression amongst mental health services users, providing opportunities for this, and supporting them by paying attention and understanding them, is also important. While some experiences so far might suggest that in certain contexts and situations, this might be difficult to achieve, it should be the goal that we all strive for, and these are core values which should underpin all of our practice. References 214727 Akerjordet, K. and Severinsson, E. (2004) Emotional intelligence in mental health nurses talking about practice International Journal of Mental Health Nursing 13 (3) 164-170 Benner, P. 2000. The wisdom of our practice: thoughts on the art and intangibility of caring practice. American Journal of Nursing. 100(10):99-105 Busfield, J. 2000 Rethinking the Sociology of Mental Health, Blackwell, London Castledine, G. 2005. Recognizing care and compassion in nursing. British Journal of Nursing. 14(18):1001 Eagger, S., Desser, A. and Brown, C. (2005) Learning values in healthcare? Journal of Holistic Healthcare 2 (3) Feen-Calligan, H., Washington, O. and Moxley, D.P. (2008) Use of artwork as a visual processing modality in group treatment of chemically dependent minority women. The Arts in Psychotherapy 25 287-295. Freshwater, D. (2006) The art of listening in the therapeutic relationship. Mental Health Practice 9 (5). Hamilton, B. and Roper, C. (2006) Troubling ‘insight’: power and possibilities in mental health care. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 13 416-422. Meehan, T. and MacLachlan, M. (2008) Self construction in schizophrenia: a discourse analysis. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory Research and Practice 81 131-142. Pilgrim, A. Rogers, D. 2005 Sociology of mental health and illness 3rd edition. OUP, Buckingham Salovey, P. Mayer, J.D. (1990) Emotional intelligence Imagination, Cognition, and Personality, 9, 185-211 Schulz, R., Hebert, R.S. and Dew, M.A. (2007) Patient Suffering and Caregiver Compassion: New Opportunities for Research, Practice, and Policy. Gerontologist, v47 n1 p4-13 2007 Raingruber, B. (2004) Using poetry to discover and share significant meanings in child and adolescent mental health nursing. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing 17 (1) 13-20. Shattell, M., Starr, S. and Thomas, S.P. (2007) Take my hand, help me out: Mental health service recipients experience of the therapeutic relationship. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing. 16(4):274-284. Shattell, M., McAllister,S., Hogan, B. and Thomas, S.P. (2006) â€Å"She took the time to make sure she understood.† Mental Health Patients’ Experiences of Being Understood. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 20 (5) 234-241. Svedberg, P., Jormfeldt, H. and Arvidsson, B. (2003) Patient’s conceptions of how health processes are promoted in mental health nursing. A qualitative study. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 10 448-456.

Inductive Knowledge Paradox Essay -- Philosophy Reasoning

In Nelson Goodman’s The new riddle of induction, the problem of inductive knowledge is brought into question and a collection of possible solutions are presented. The paradox of inductive knowledge has been misunderstood into bringing forth a radical ideology of relativism by philosophers such as Quine and a variety of other modern thinkers, however a possible solution presented by Hempel and a new version outlined in this paper present a different case all together concerning the acquisition of knowledge. In order to understand the new paradox presented in this paper the argument presented in the original raven paradox has to be made clear. The paradox of the raven stems from the belief that viewed scientific phenomena, in connection to a hypothesis in fact does not necessarily lead to truth but instead only serves to strengthen the held hypothesis regardless of what facts the evidence presents. The belief that all ravens are black under normal scientific standards is thought as being supported by the evidence of only black ravens being observed, in logic such a statement would be described as their being such a thing that it is a raven and it is black. From this statement a logically equivalent hypothesis can be made, if an object is not black it holds that it is not a raven, this statement unlike the initial hypothesis of all ravens being black however presents problems, all evidence of non-black objects seems to strengthen the prior held belief even though there is virtually no co nnection between all those possible objects and the raven. The observation of non-black things that are not-ravens strengthening the hypothesis unjustifiably is arguably showing how inductive reasoning is ungrounded in truth, however Hempel ... ...r a possible world, which itself is a problem. The issue of inductive knowledge is still one that remains unsolved, however in the various attempts at a solution the problem has changed from being one of a seemingly impossible actual knowledge to a further examination into a criterion of meaning. Because of the misinterpretation of this paradox there has been a great deal of confusion over the legitimacy of modern science however the paradox itself can be seen as only a matter of philosophy and is more concerned with the solution to a long standing philosophical puzzle then a critique of modern science. Works Cited Nelson Goodman, The new riddle of induction; knowledge readings in contemporary epistemology, oxford university press: 2005. Willard Quine, Two dogmas of empiricism; From a logical point of view 2nd edition, Harvard university press: 1980.

Alice Munro :: Biography Biographies Essays

Alice Munro Alice Munro’s fiction receives its strength from her vivid sense of regional focus, the majority of her stories take place in Huron County, Ontario, and through the sense of her narrators she illuminates and gives personal significance to each story. Many of Munro’s themes are centered around adolescent girls dealing with the ideas of loving, growing up, and losing innocence in a small town. Munro steps away from the adolescent girl and in her most recent work focuses on problems of the middle aged, such as women alone and those of the elderly. Munro is most famous for her works that deal with the adolescent girl and it has been said that Lives of Girls and Women is nearer her autobiography than it is a work of fiction. Munro has been known to say it is "autobiographical in form, but not in fact." As mentioned above many of Munro’s themes are centered around young girls, but the overlying theme is power. Munro defines the power of her artistic vision as the direc t result of her lack of power as a woman. Munro state’s "A subject race has a kind of clarity of vision and I feel that women have always had a clarity of vision which men were denied. And, in a way, this is a gift, it goes along with lack of power." At the end of Lives of Girls and Women, Del, the narrator, is trying to write fiction but finally rejects her unwritten novel as an "unreliable structure." The Lives of Girls and Women is a novel that focuses on the young Del Jordan, who is struggling with the problems of becoming a young woman. Munro takes the reader through Del’s carefree childhood to an uneasy adolescence in search of love and sexual experience. Munro’s ability to use Del as the narrator and to capture the perfection of local speech makes the reader feel that it is not Del’s life that is being told, but every young adolescent girl’s. In Lives of Girls and Women, Munro uses metaphors to organize the sequences of the fiction into a larger picture.. Metaphors of fire and electric power are used to associate fleshly humiliation of death and in Lives of Girls and Women are associated with sexual experience as in the climatic chapter "Baptizing." The most pronounced metaphor Munro uses is that of drowning. Munro uses a splitting metaphor to describe two kinds of power, sexual power and the power of death.

Individuals with Disabilities Act Essays -- essays papers

Individuals with Disabilities Act Everyone says, "We need to help the schools more, it's all about the students." An act was created in 1975, to help those students who were disabled. This law has been criticized by many administrators and teachers. Over the years, because of these criticisms it has been revised and expanded throughout different schools. Higher education figures, such as principles, need to look closely at this act. They're have been cases in schools that have discriminated against this law. People who do or do not have a disability should know about this law and what it exactly means. This law has various amounts of positive key aspects concerning it. Some think its fair, and some do not. Education is suppose to help kids grow into adults with knowledge they have retained and make a good living for themselves. Disabled kids should have this advantage too. "The IDEA is a civil rights act, not an entitlement program." (Gordon and Keiser) This law is an expansion and revision of a law once called, "Education for All Handicapped Children Act." Now it is known as the law of â€Å"Individuals with Disabilities Act." It is known that "President Clinton signed the 1997 revised IDEA amendments into law to help make a fair and balanced compromise for everyone." (Marchand) Legislation was strict when leveling the terms concerning this law. The government has special fundings for special education in schools. It guarantee’s free education for children with disabilities ages 3-21 years of age. In time, this soon meant that, schools would have to have special transportation abilities for students. For students in wheel chairs, they created ramps so it was be easy to have access into the school. Elevators were rapidly bu... ...ing Access, Equilty, and Quality For Students With Disabilities In School-to-work systems: A Guide to Federal Law and Polices. Eric Digest. Retrievd from Eric database. ( 2001, August ). School Law News. Court: Emotionally Disabled Entitled to IDEA services, Issue 17, p.1-2. Retrived September 30, 2004, from Academic Search Premier. ( 2004, March ). Early Years. Education Journal, Issue 75, p.22. Retrieved September 30, 2004, from Academic Search Premier. Gordon, Michael., Keiser, Shelby. (Eds). (2000). Accommodations In Higher Education Under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). New York: GSI Publications. Vogel, S.A., Reder, Stephen. (Eds). (1998). Learning Disabilities, Literacy and Adult Education. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing. Wright, Peter, Wright, Pamela. (1997). Wrightslaw. Retrieved November 15, 2004 Http://wrightslaw.

Marketing Plan for MarryBrown Essay

INTRODUCTION Ms Ponnoraliza says that Marrybrown is Malaysian home-grown restaurant chain. Founded in 1981, they have more than 350 outlets serving fried chicken, burgers, finger food, desserts and drinks. Marrybrown has extended the menu that includes seafood, rice based tproducts, noodles and porridge and they also offer a famous local Malaysian dish: Nasi Lemak (offered as â€Å"Nasi Marrybrown†). The restaurant’s one of the biggest advantage is offering halal food, to dominate halal based countries, and preventing weak direct competition with some larger fast food chains. In the 1980s Marrybrown became the first fast food chain to franchise in Malaysia (Marry Brown). Marrybrown is the largest home-grown quick service restaurant chain with a global reach of over 400 outlets in Asia, Middle East, and Africa. Marrybrown is a global food service organization and a worldwide brand. Currently, Marrybrown is in different countries such as Dubai, India, China, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Saud i Arabia, Kuwait, Kingdom of Bahrain, Syria, Republic of Tanzania, Qatar, Azerbaijan, Malaysia and Maldives (Marry Brown, 2012). According to Marrybrown’s official website Marrybrown is a winner of numerous awards, Malaysian International Home-grown Franchise of The Year, Malaysia Franchise of The Year, First Malaysian fast food franchise, Most Promising Franchise of The Year, pioneer member of the Malaysia franchise association and The Brandlaureate SMEs best brands Award 1007- Food and Beverage, fast food. As Marrybrown does provide franchise, the numbers of franchisees has currently increased upto 82. Marrybrown has great opportunities for both domestic and international markets. The concept of Marrybrown is to be business of the future, fast growing market, wider reach to the customers, high brand recall, cash business, lower investment and better returns and serve the food to the customers at petrol pumps, highways, and large railway stations. CURRENT MARKET SITUATION Marrybrown is a well-known as fast food restaurant internationally where they draw in clients by staying on the objectives like enhancing their position in the home-developed market and building their brand and in the meantime concentrate on the high quality of food serving by customers well.  Marrybrown’s main target is to improve their reputation amongst Malaysian’s customers, and to be recognized on what the restaurant is offering to attract more customers’ attention. On the other side, Marrybrown’s missions (2007) are to achieve a better standard in customer services, and increase sales and profits of the company. According to the official website of Marrybrown, their success is based on the high quality of foods, fast service and great value for money. Their products are prepared based on Malaysia’s Halal requirements. According to Ms Ponnorlize (2014) they provide fresh food in order to satisfy customers’ needs and make them enjoy wit h Marrybrown’s products. Furthermore, the restaurant likewise gives a brilliant, stylish and fresh look that supplements the lifestyle of today’s customers. This system attracts the attention of a certain group of customers such as kids and teenagers. Marrybrown is an example of overcoming adversity based on extraordinary tasting formulas that are unique and truly Malaysian. They work on approaches to make food, services, and establishment operations better to convey the highest standards of value. Secured in 1981, they have over 400 outlets internationally. Marrybrown has expanded the menu that offers exotic local delights such as seafood, noodles, rice based products and porridge. Nasi Lemak is one of the famous local Malay rice dish, based on the menu it is called as Nasi Marrybrown. Nowadays, Marrybrown offers a wide choice of unique, innovative products that focused on fast-food loving customers. Still, chicken presents the basic of the menu, including the signature Lucky Plate, Chicken Porridge, Nasi Marrybrown. Moreover, Marrybrown Sdn Bhd has turned into the first international company that opens an outlet in Myanmar. In three years Marrybrown has also targeted to set up 15 outlets in Southern Thailand, while this year from June until December it aims to open 15 new outlets in Malaysia. For now, there are more than 400 Marrybrown outlets in Malaysia, China, Indonesia, India, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Tanzania, the United Arab Emirates, Kuw ABOUT THE COMPANY SWOT Analysis Malaysian based fast food chain started back in 1980s, Marrybrown is the nation’s largest fast food chain with 400 outlets in 11. Half of its outlets  are in Malaysia and others in abroad. It is the only fast food chain that satisfies halal food customers (Marrybrown.com.my, 2012). Marrybrown serves the food at affordable price and is the first Malaysian fast food franchise in the country. Marrybrown’s core values are high quality food, fast service, clean environment and great value for money. Marrybrown is expanding internationally to become a global fast food industry. Soon it will open in Syria, Azerbaijan and Iran. Marrybrown has been awarded Malaysia International Home grown Franchise of The Year in the years of 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 and promising franchiser award in India. Strength a) High quality food b) Halal food c) Unique fast food concept-Marrybrown carries a unique concept which brings about a fun and exciting eat-out experience. d) Adaptability to the market. Weakness a) Niche target market b) Intense competition c) Competitors quality of products and services Opportunities a) Growing market b) Improve the infrastructure for the society around it. c) Job opportunities for more. Threats a) Competition b) Consumers looking for better deal. OBJECTIVES To make a successful marketing plan, firstly have to plan the objectives of  marketing plan. Followings are the objectives of Marrybrown’s marketing plan on the new product Nasi MarryBrown (Nasi Lemak). To make the traditional recipe as well-known and penetrate into international market. To increase sales by 50% in upcoming 6 months. To increase brand awareness among targeting customers. To cover the whole target market. To increase the number of new customers. To increase the visibility and memorability of brand identity. To create value and make a difference MARKETING STRATEGIES Planning the marketing strategies is the most important for a company in introducing the new products. To penetrate the new product into market, it is vital to plan the marketing strategies. There are 4 types of marketing tools in a marketing plan; which is called 4 Ps. In order to introduce Marry Brown’s new product Nasi MarryBrown (Nasi Lemak), the company decide to apply 4 Ps to contribute into a marketing mix. PRICING STRATEGY Pricing strategy is the chase of classifying the ideal price for a product. Pricing strategy in marketing combines with other principles which are known as product strategy, place strategy and promotion strategy so that a new set of product can penetrate into market in a short period of time and build customers’ satisfaction. Marrybrown decided to use three types of pricing strategy to introduce our new product: Nasi MarryBrown (Nasi Lemak). We decided to apply discount pricing, skim pricing and market penetrating pricing systems. Marrybrown applies discount pricing in order to increase traffic and attracting new customers. This discounted pricing magnets attention to the product and can be used as a catch to bring in customers who will possibly obtaining other items. We use the skim pricing system to find the ideal price point for our product, which is unique item with unknown consumer demand. Our goal is to maximize potential profits layer by layer until the ideal price is reached. The appliance of market penetrating plan is to gain market share early for Marry Brown. The introduction of Nasi MarryBrown to the market is provided at low end prices in hopes to gain the  attention, loyalty, and market share of the customer base. PRODUCT STRATEGY The product offering, the heart of an organization’s marketing program, is usually the starting point in creating a marketing mix. As a fast food restaurant Marrybrown offers variety of fast foods and other type of food which are uncommon for fast food restaurants. The products are not much different from its competitors like McDonald’s and KFC in Malaysia, especially products are much similar to KFC. The products offered are burgers, desserts, soft drinks, rice, chicken and sea food based menu. As it is mentioned above that Marrybrown operates its restaurants chains in mostly Asia, therefore Marrybrown’s new Nasi Marrybrown is segmented more for Asian customers. This is one of the reasons what makes Marrybrown stand out from its competitors. Especially, following its slogan: â€Å"Something different† which offers offers our new introduced product, despite that Marrybrown fast food restaurants, also offers different menu which are not common for fast food restaurants. The â€Å"Something different† menu are rice and noodle products, and specifically include the new introduced dish: Nasi MarryBrown. The reason for offering Nasi Marrybrown is because it is one of the local favourites and attracts Asians since the restaurants chain mainly operate in Asia. (Yuvaraj S, 2011). Zazali M. (2012) reports that Chan, the restaurant chain owner, says they had to be different, so instead of offering only fried chicken and burgers they also offer locals’ main diches such as Nasi Goreng, Nasi Lemak (Nasi MarryBrown) and Chicken and Satay. She continued claiming that their competitors from US started copying their business module. Moreover, Marry Brown’s the advantages on its products over its competitors offering only halal food in Muslim countries would help the newly introducing product to become marketable as they are halal food. The picture below is the newly introduced product DISTRIBUTION STRATEGY One of the important part of marketing is distribution or place some may say. Without it marketing would be almost impossible. Place or distribution, strategies are concerned with making products available when and where customers want them. Would you rather buy a kiwi fruit at the 24- hour  grocery store within walking distance or fly to Australia to pick your own? We have conducted an interview with an outlet operator of Marrybrown namely Ms Ponnorliza (2014). According to her, Marrybrown has tough time with distribution. Its outlets are not placed in much places needed, which means not many customers are accessible to Marrybrown restaurants. As she mentioned that one of its competitors, McDonalds, is placed almost every 5 kilometres while Marrybrown is hard to find. The picture above also proves that Marrybrown is not popular in many parts of Malaysia compared to its close competitors which are easily accessible. However, making Marrybrown more popular would cost time and more money. Therefore, we came out with the idea that Marrybrown should offer home delivery. Marrybrown does not offer home delivery service now, this is its one of downsides of it. Home delivery to near locations is good choice to customers who find inconvenient to go to nearest Marrybrown restaurants. Usually, restaurants accept orders via receiving calls from customers for delivery services. While Marrybrown should offer online sale which can be used by customers who have a little more time. Online order is more convenient than ordering by calling, because customers can easily choose which product to offer from online menu and they will have unlimited time to choose as well. PROMOTION STRATEGIES As we most of us know that promotion includes advertising, public relations, sales promotion, and personal selling. Promotion’s role in the marketing mix is to bring about mutually satisfying exchanges with target markets by informing, educating, persuading, and reminding them of the benefits of an organization or a product. Ms Ponnorliza (2014) says in the interview that Marrybrown does not do much about advertising on TVs or any other places. However, advertising new product (Nasi Marrybrown) heavily can help to draw attention to them. Since many people watch TVs, commercials on TV would be one of the best choices. Marrybrown should place more commercials on TV about Nasi  Marrybrown in order to attract more customers. Commercial timing is also important, therefore Marrybrown should consider it too. Placing its commercial about the new product before every meal time is the best choice, since people are feeling hungry and they need to eat. In today’s day, as it is information century people use internet, it is also a good opportunity to place web advertisement of the new product on most used websites, especially, social networks like Facebook, YouTube, Tweeter, Instagram and so on. This method helps Nasi Marrybrown to become more noticed. Road banners are also an effective way of advertising. Marrybrown should not forget about this too, placing its banners on the roads where traffic jam is more frequent is a good choice. Because when people are stuck in traffic jams there is more chance that they are paying attention to the advertisements. Especially, traffic jam where occur when people are coming back from their word, due to the fact that most people are hungry when they are coming back from work. Moreover, Ms Ponnorliza (2014) said that they visit and conduct different activities in different places in order to promote their products. This method is also useful and effective in promotion strategy. Additionally, telling about your about the product door to door is also one of effective ways of promoting. It can be done by mailing people’s mailboxes, mails which may include menus of the restaurant and pictures of the new promoted product. CONCLUSION According to our new marketing plan for Marrybrown product, we are planning to make it successful our plan within six months following by our objective. In our marketing plan, we are planning to apply our 4Ps marketing strategies properly so that our product can be selling well and increasing sales 50% in upcoming 6 months. Nowadays Marrybrown is using franchise system and open branches in other countries. So that we hope our marketing plan is going well not only in local market but also penetrating the international market. In conclusion, we hope our new product Nasi Marrybrown to be a best-selling product of Marrybrown in whole Malaysia and even internationally with suitable price. References Academia.edu (2014). Marketing research for Marrybrown. [Online] Available at: https://www.academia.edu/4918251/MARKETING_RESEARCH_FOR_MARRYBROWN [Accessed 18 July 2014] All Free Papers (2012). Missions, goals and values of Marrybrown. [Online] Available at: http://www.allfreepapers.com/English/Missions-Goals-Values-Marry-Brown/26848.html [Accessed 18 July 2014] MARRYBROWN. Awards. [Online] Available from: http://marrybrown.com.my/company/awards/. [Accessed: 29th July, 2014]. MARRYBROWN. Company History. [Online] Available from: http://marrybrown.com.my/company-history/. [Accessed: 29th July, 2014]. MARRYBROWN. Introduction. [Online] Available from: http://marrybrown.com.my/company/introduction/. [Accessed: 29th July, 2014]. PONNORLIZA. (2014) About Marrybrown. [Interview]. 23rd July 2014. YUVARAJ S. (2011). Marry Brown. [Online] Available from: http://www.scribd.com/doc/ 62773399/Marry-Brown. [Accessed: 24th July, 2014]. ZAZALI M. (2012) Marrybrown chain prospering after many trials and tribulations. The Star. [Online] Available from:http://www.thestar.com.my/Story/?file=%2F2012%2F3%2F28%2 Fmetrobiz%2F10997466. [Accessed: 24th July, 2014].

Angels Demons Chapter 28-31

28Secretary Sylvie Baudeloque was straight musical mode in a panic. She paced step forwardside the coachs desolate station. Where the hell is he? What do I do?It had been a bizarre day. Of course, either day working for Maximilian Kohler had the potential to be strange, merely Kohler had been in r ar systema skeletale today.Find me da Vinci Vetra he had de gayded when Sylvie arrived this morning.Dutifully, Sylvie paged, bandd, and E-mailed Leonardo Vetra. zero(prenominal)hing.So Kohler had unexp demolitioned in a huff, app atomic number 18ntly to go find Vetra himself. When he rolled back up in a few hours later, Kohler looked decidedly non advantageously non that he ever real looked well, al single he looked worse than usual. He locked himself in his rancidice, and she could hear him on his modem, his phone, faxing, talking. so Kohler rolled out again. He hadnt been back since.Sylvie had decided to ignore the antics as in clipping a nonher Kohlerian melodrama, t ho she began to get concern when Kohler failed to h sure-enough(a) at the proper duration for his daily injections the directors physical condition require regular treatment, and when he decided to storm his luck, the results were neer pretty respiratory shock, cough out fits, and a mad dash by the infirmary personnel. Sometimes Sylvie estimation Maximilian Kohler had a death wish.She considered paging him to re assessment him, except shed wise(p) charity was somewhatthing Kohlerss pride despised. stick out week, he had croak so infuriated with a visiting scientist who had shown him undue forbearance that Kohler clambered to his feet and threw a clipboard at the mans head. King Kohler could be surprisingly agile when he was pisse.At the moment, however, Sylvies concern for the directors health was taking a back burner replaced by a much(prenominal) more pressing dilemma. The CERN switchboard had phoned volt minutes ago in a frenzy to say they had an urgent peal for the director.Hes not avail up to(p), Sylvie had said. then the CERN operator told her who was annunciate(a)ing.Sylvie half(a) laughed aloud. Youre kidding, compensate? She listened, and her face up clouded with agnosticism. And your p artificey ID confirms Sylvie was frowning. I see. Okay. Can you ask what the She sighed. No. Thats fine. Tell him to hold. Ill locate the director right away. Yes, I attend. Ill hurry.But Sylvie had not been able to find the director. She had telephoneed his cellular phone line terce times and each time gotten the handle message The mobile customer you atomic number 18 trying to reach is out of range. step up of range? How far could he go? So Sylvie had dialed Kohlers beeper. Twice. No response. virtually contrary him. Shed until now E-mailed his mobile computer. Nothing. It was like the man had disappe ared off the face of the earth.So what do I do? she now wondered. short-change of meddling CERNs entire complex herself, Sylv ie knew on that point was only when one other way to get the directors attention. He would not be pleased, but the man on the phone was not someone the director should notice waiting. Nor did it sound like the caller was in whatever mood to be told the director was unavailable.Startled with her own boldness, Sylvie made her decision. She walked into Kohlers office and went to the metal box on his bulwark behind his desk. She easyed the cover, stared at the controls, and put together the correct button.Then she excessivelyk a blockheaded breath and grabbed the microphone.29Vittoria did not call up how they had gotten to the main elevation, but they were in that respect. Asc hold oning. Kohler was behind her, his public discussion labored now. Langdons concerned gaze departed through with(predicate) her like a ghost. He had interpreted the fax from her hand and slipped it in his pennant dismission away from her sight, but the com carry was still burned into her stoc k.As the elevation climbed, Vittorias world swirled into darkness. Papa In her wit she reached for him. For just a moment, in the oasis of her memory, Vittoria was with him. She was nine years old, rolling checkmate hills of edelweiss flowers, the Swiss sky spin nigh smash-up.Papa PapaLeonardo Vetra was express e action beside her, beaming. What is it, angel?Papa she giggled, nuzzling close to him. regard me whats the numerateBut you look happy, sweetie. wherefore would I ask you whats the matter? full ask me.He shrugged. Whats the matter?She straight off started laughing. Whats the matter? Everything is the matter Rocks Trees Atoms thus far anteaters Everything is the matterHe laughed. Did you make that up? reasonably smart, huh?My superficial Einstein.She frowned. He has stupid hair. I saw his picture.Hes got a smart head, though. I told you what he proved, right?Her eyes widened with dread. pappa No You promisedE=MC2 He tickled her capriolefully. E=MC2No math I to ld you I hate itIm glad you hate it. Because girls arent even allowed to do math.Vittoria stopped short. They arent?Of course not. Everyone knows that. Girls play with dol pillows. Boys do math. No math for girls. Im not even permitted to talk to little girls intimately math.What But thats not fairRules are principles. Absolutely no math for little girls.Vittoria looked horrified. But dolls are bo palisadeIm sorry, her pay off said. I could tell you closely math, but if I got caught He looked nervously around the deserted hills.Vittoria followed his gaze. Okay, she whispered, just tell me quietly.The motion of the elevator startled her. Vittoria idleed her eyes. He was gone.Reality rushed in, wrapping a frosty grip around her. She looked to Langdon. The heartmatt-up concern in his gaze mat up like the warmth of a defender angel, especially in the aura of Kohlers chill.A single sentient thought began throbbing at Vittoria with unrelenting force.Where is the antimatter?The ho rrifying reaction was only a moment away.30Maximilian Kohler. Kindly call your office immediately. brilliance sunbeams flooded Langdons eyes as the elevator doors opened into the main atrium. Before the riposte of the announcement on the intercom overhead faded, every electronic device on Kohlers wheelchair started beeping and buzzing simultaneously. His pager. His phone. His E-mail. Kohler glanced down at the blink sort outs in apparent bewilderment. The director had resurfaced, and he was back in range.Director Kohler. gratify call your office.The sound of his name on the PA seemed to startle Kohler.He glanced up, feel angered and then almost immediately concerned. Langdons eyes met his, and Vittorias too. The three of them were motionless a moment, as if all the tension betwixt them had been erased and replaced by a single, unifying foreboding.Kohler took his cell phone from the armrest. He dialed an extension and fought off another spit up fit. Vittoria and Langdon wait ed.This is Director Kohler, he said, wheezing. Yes? I was subterranean, out of range. He listened, his colorize eyes widening. Who? Yes, patch it through. There was a pause. Hello? This is Maximilian Kohler. I am the director of CERN. With whom am I speaking?Vittoria and Langdon watched in silence as Kohler listened.It would be unwise, Kohler at languish last said, to speak of this by phone. I willing be there immediately. He was coughing again. determine me at Leonardo da Vinci drome. Forty minutes. Kohlers breath seemed to be flunk him now. He descended into a fit of coughing and barely managed to choke out the run-in, set the canister immediately I am coming. Then he clicked off his phone.Vittoria ran to Kohlers side, but Kohler could no spaciouser speak. Langdon watched as Vittoria pulled out her cell phone and paged CERNs infirmary. Langdon felt like a ship on the periphery of a storm tossed but detached.Meet me at Leonardo da Vinci Airport. Kohlers words echoed.The uncertain shadows that had fogged Langdons mind all morning, in a single instant, solidify into a vivid image. As he stood there in the swirl of confusion, he felt a door inside him open as if some religious mystic threshold had just been breached. The ambigram. The murdered priest/scientist. The antimatter. And now the target. Leonardo da Vinci Airport could only mean one thing. In a moment of stark realization, Langdon knew he had just crossed over. He had become a hoper.Five kilotons. Let there be light.Two paramedics materialized, racing crosswise the atrium in white smocks. They knelt by Kohler, putting an oxygen secrete on his face. Scientists in the hall stopped and stood back.Kohler took dickens long pulls, pushed the mask aside, and still gasping for air, looked up at Vittoria and Langdon. Rome.Rome? Vittoria demanded. The antimatter is in Rome? Who called?Kohlers face was twisted, his gray eyes watering. The Swiss He choked on the words, and the paramedics put the m ask back over his face. As they brisk to be confirm him away, Kohler reached up and grabbed Langdons arm.Langdon nodded. He knew.Go Kohler wheezed beneath his mask. Go call me Then the paramedics were rolling him away.Vittoria stood riveted to the floor, watching him go. Then she moody to Langdon. Rome? But what was that well-nigh the Swiss?Langdon put a hand on her shoulder, barely whispering the words. The Swiss Guard, he said. The sworn sentinels of Vatican City.31The X-33 space s keep back roared into the sky and arched south toward Rome. On board, Langdon sat in silence. The last xv minutes had been a blur. Now that he had finished briefing Vittoria on the Illuminati and their compact car against the Vatican, the scope of this situation was starting to drop dead in.What the hell am I doing? Langdon wondered. I should have gone home when I had the chance Deep down, though, he knew hed never had the chance.Langdons better judgment had screamed at him to return to Boston. N onetheless, academic astonishment had somehow vetoed prudence. Everything he had ever turn overd about the demise of the Illuminati was unawares looking like a resplendent sham. Part of him craved proof. Confirmation. There was as well a hobbyion of conscience. With Kohler ailing and Vittoria on her own, Langdon knew that if his knowledge of the Illuminati could assist in any way, he had a moral certificate of indebtedness to be here.There was more, though. Although Langdon was ashamed to retain it, his initial horror on audience about the antimatters location was not only the danger to human life in Vatican City, but for something else as well.Art.The worlds largest art disposition was now sitting on a time bomb. The Vatican Museum housed over 60,000 priceless pieces in 1,407 rooms Michelangelo, da Vinci, Bernini, Botticelli. Langdon wondered if all of the art could possibly be evacuated if necessary. He knew it was impossible. some of the pieces were sculptures weighing tons. Not to mention, the greatest treasures were architectural the Sistine Chapel, St. Peters Basilica, Michelangelos famed spiral staircase trail to the Museo Vaticano priceless testaments to mans creative genius. Langdon wondered how much time was left on the canister.Thanks for coming, Vittoria said, her articulate quiet.Langdon emerged from his daydream and looked up. Vittoria was sitting across the aisle. Even in the stark fluorescent light of the cabin, there was an aura of composure about her an almost magnetic radiance of wholeness. Her vivacious seemed deeper now, as if a spark of self-preservation had ignited within her a craving for justness and retribution, fueled by a daughters love.Vittoria had not had time to change from her shorts and egotistical top, and her tawny legs were now goose-bumped in the coldness of the plane. Instinctively Langdon removed his jacket and offered it to her.American chivalry? She accepted, her eyes thanking him silently.The plane jostled across some turbulence, and Langdon felt a puff of danger. The windowless cabin felt cramped again, and he tried to imagine himself in an open field. The notion, he realized, was ironic. He had been in an open field when it had happened. Crushing darkness. He pushed the memory from his mind. Ancient history.Vittoria was watching him. Do you believe in theology, Mr. Langdon?The question startled him. The inspiration in Vittorias voice was even more disarming than the inquiry. Do I believe in beau ideal? He had hoped for a lighter topic of conversation to pass the trip.A spiritual conundrum, Langdon thought. Thats what my friends call me. Although he canvas trust for years, Langdon was not a religious man. He respected the business office of trust, the benevolence of churches, the strength religion gave to many a(prenominal) people and yet, for him, the intellectual suspension of disbelief that was imperative if one were truly acquittance to believe had always proved too big an obstacle for his academic mind. I want to believe, he heard himself say.Vittorias resolution carried no judgment or challenge. So wherefore dont you?He chuckled. Well, its not that easy. Having faith requires leaps of faith, cerebral acceptance of miracles immaculate conceptions and manufacturer interventions. And then there are the statutes of conduct. The Bible, the Koran, Buddhist scripture they all carry alike requirements and similar penalties. They claim that if I dont croak by a specific code I will go to hell. I cant imagine a God who would rule that way.I hope you dont let your students outwit questions that shamelessly.The comment caught him off guard. What?Mr. Langdon, I did not ask if you believe what man says about God. I asked if you believed in God. There is a difference. Holy scripture is stories legends and history of mans quest to generalize his own need for meaning. I am not asking you to pass judgment on literature. I am asking if you believ e in God. When you lie out under the stars, do you backbone the divine? Do you feel in your gut that you are staring up at the work of Gods hand?Langdon took a long moment to consider it.Im prying, Vittoria apologized.No, I justCertainly you must consult issues of faith with your classes.Endlessly.And you play devils advocate, I imagine. forever and a day fueling the debate.Langdon smiled. You must be a teacher too.No, but I learned from a master. My father could argue two sides of a Mobius Strip.Langdon laughed, picturing the artful crafting of a Mobius Strip a twisted ring of paper, which technically possessed only one side. Langdon had first seen the single-sided shape in the artistic creation of M. C. Escher. May I ask you a question, Ms. Vetra?Call me Vittoria. Ms. Vetra makes me feel old.He sighed inwardly, abruptly sensing his own age. Vittoria, Im Robert.You had a question.Yes. As a scientist and the daughter of a Catholic priest, what do you think of religion?Vittoria paused, coppice a lock of hair from her eyes. godliness is like language or dress. We gravitate toward the practices with which we were raised. In the end, though, we are all proclaiming the equal thing. That life has meaning. That we are grateful for the force out that created us.Langdon was intrigued. So youre saying that whether you are a Christian or a Moslem simply depends on where you were born?Isnt it apparent? Look at the diffusion of religion around the globe.So faith is random?Hardly. Faith is universal. Our specific methods for understanding it are arbitrary. Some of us pray to Jesus, some of us go to Mecca, some of us study subatomic particles. In the end we are all just searching for truth, that which is greater than ourselves.Langdon wished his students could express themselves so clearly. Hell, he wished he could express himself so clearly. And God? he asked. Do you believe in God?Vittoria was silent for a long time. Science tells me God must exist. My mind te lls me I will never understand God. And my heart tells me I am not meant to.Hows that for concise, he thought. So you believe God is fact, but we will never understand Him.Her, she said with a smile. Your Native Americans had it right.Langdon chuckled. give Earth.Gaea. The planet is an organism. All of us are cells with different purposes. And yet we are intertwined. serving each other. Serving the whole.Looking at her, Langdon felt something stir within him that he had not felt in a long time. There was a fine clarity in her eyes a purity in her voice. He felt drawn.Mr. Langdon, let me ask you another question.Robert, he said. Mr. Langdon makes me feel old. I am oldIf you dont mind my asking, Robert, how did you get involved with the Illuminati?Langdon thought back. Actually, it was money.Vittoria looked disappointed. Money? Consulting, you mean?Langdon laughed, realizing how it must have sounded. No. Money as in property. He reached in his pants pocket and pulled out some mone y. He rear a one-dollar bill. I became fascinated with the frenzy when I first learned that U.S. currency is covered with Illuminati symbology.Vittorias eyes narrowed, apparently not knowing whether or not to take him seriously.Langdon handed her the bill. Look at the back. gull the large shut on the left?Vittoria turned the one-dollar bill over. You mean the profit?The pyramid. Do you know what pyramids have to do with U.S. history?Vittoria shrugged.Exactly, Langdon said. Absolutely nothing.Vittoria frowned. So why is it the central symbol of your Great Seal?An eerie bit of history, Langdon said. The pyramid is an obscure symbol representing a convergence upward, toward the crowning(prenominal) source of Illumination. See whats above it?Vittoria studied the bill. An eye inside a trilateral.Its called the trinacria. consume you ever seen that eye in a triangle anywhere else?Vittoria was silent a moment. Actually, yes, but Im not sureIts emblazoned on masonic lodges around the world.The symbol is masonic?Actually, no. Its Illuminati. They called it their shining delta. A call for enlightened change. The eye signifies the Illuminatis ability to come home and watch all things. The shining triangle represents enlightenment. And the triangle is also the Greek earn delta, which is the mathematical symbol for Change. Transition.Langdon smiled. I forgot I was talking to a scientist.So youre saying the U.S. Great Seal is a call for enlightened, all-seeing change?Some would call it a untried World Order.Vittoria seemed startled. She glanced down at the bill again. The writing under the pyramid says Novus OrdoNovus Ordo Seculorum, Langdon said. It means New layman Order.Secular as in non religious?Nonreligious. The set phrase not only clearly states the Illuminati objective, but it also blatantly contradicts the phrase beside it. In God We Trust.Vittoria seemed troubled. But how could all this symbology end up on the most the right way currency in the w orld?Most academics believe it was through Vice electric chair Henry Wallace. He was an upper echelon Mason and certainly had ties to the Illuminati. Whether it was as a share or innocently under their influence, zip knows. But it was Wallace who sold the design of the Great Seal to the president.How? Why would the president have agreed to The president was Franklin D. Roosevelt. Wallace simply told him Novus Ordo Seculorum meant New Deal.Vittoria seemed skeptical. And Roosevelt didnt have anyone else look at the symbol before telling the Treasury to write it?No need. He and Wallace were like brothers.Brothers? take for your history books, Langdon said with a smile. Franklin D. Roosevelt was a well-known Mason.